by的中文翻譯是什麼意思
by
prep. 被; 由…創作; 靠，憑; 透過; 出於（偶然或意外）; 就…而言; 根據; 經過; 在
adv. 經過; 短暫拜訪
by的柯林斯釋義
PREP由；被
If something is done by a person or thing, that person or thing does it.
The feast was served by his mother and sisters...
這頓美餐是他母親和他的姐妹們準備的。
I was amazed by their discourtesy and lack of professionalism...
他們的無禮和不專業讓我震驚。
PREP（圖書、音樂、繪畫等）由…（創作），出自
If you say that something such as a book, a piece of music, or a painting is by a particular person, you mean that this person wrote it or created it.
...a painting by Van Gogh...
一幅凡·高的畫
'Jacob's Ladder', the newest film by Adrian Lyne, is a post-Vietnam horror story.
阿德里安·萊恩的最新電影《雅各的天梯》講的是一個發生在越戰後的恐怖故事。
PREP靠；用；憑
If you do something by a particular means, you do it using that thing.
We'll be travelling by car.
我們將開車旅行。
...dinners by candlelight.
燭光晚餐
PREP透過，憑藉（做某事）
If you achieve one thing by doing another thing, your action enables you to achieve the first thing.
Make the sauce by boiling the cream and stock together in a pan...
把奶油和高湯一起放在平底鍋裡熬煮來製作調味料。
The all-female yacht crew made history by becoming the first to sail round the world...
這艘遊艇的船員為清一色的女性，她們進行了首次環球航行，創造了歷史。
PREP（用於短語中）由於，出於（偶然或意外）
You use by in phrases such as 'by chance' or 'by accident' to indicate whether or not an event was planned.
I met him by chance out walking yesterday...
我昨天外出散步時碰巧遇見了他。
He opened Ingrid's letter by mistake...
他不小心拆了英格麗德的信。
PREP就（本性、職業或出身）而言
If someone is a particular type of person by nature, by profession, or by birth, they are that type of person because of their nature, their profession, or the family they were born into.
I am certainly lucky to have a kind wife who is loving by nature...
擁有一個天性仁愛的賢妻，我當然很幸運。
She's a nurse by profession and now runs a counselling service for women...
她的職業是護士，現在開辦了一個婦女諮詢中心。
PREP根據，按照（法律或某種標準）
If something must be done by law, it happens according to the law. If something is the case by particular standards, it is the case according to the standards.
Pharmacists are required by law to give the medicine prescribed by the doctor.
法律規定藥劑師必須按照醫生開的處方配藥。
...evening wear that was discreet by his standards.
以他的標準來看相當樸素的晚禮服
PREP說（某詞語或某一番話）
If you say what someone means by a particular word or expression, you are saying what they intend the word or expression to refer to.
Stella knew what he meant by 'start again'...
斯特拉知道他說“重來”是什麼意思。
'You're unbelievably lucky.' — 'What do you mean by that?'
“你真是太幸運了。”——“你這話是什麼意思？”
PREP（用於表示抓住身體某部位或握住物體某部分）
If you hold someone or something by a particular part of them, you hold that part.
He caught her by the shoulder and turned her around...
他抓住她的肩膀把她的身子轉了過來。
She was led by the arm to a small room at the far end of the corridor...
她被拉著胳膊帶到走廊另一頭的一個小房間裡。
PREP在…旁邊；接近
Someone or something that is by something else is beside it and close to it.
Judith was sitting in a rocking-chair by the window...
朱迪絲正坐在窗戶邊的一張搖椅裡。
Felicity Maxwell stood by the bar and ordered a glass of wine...
費利西蒂·馬克斯韋爾站在吧檯旁，要了一杯紅酒。
PREP經過；經由
If a person or vehicle goes by you, they move past you without stopping.
A few cars passed close by me...
幾輛車貼著我開過去。
He kept walking and passed by me on his side of the street.
他一直在街對面走著，並與街這邊的我交錯而過。
PREP在（某處停留）
If you stop by a place, you visit it for a short time.
We had made arrangements to stop by her house in Pacific Grove...
我們已安排好去造訪她位於帕西菲克格羅夫的家。
Daddy called and asked me to drop by his office.
爸爸打來電話讓我去他辦公室一趟。
PREP在…時候；到…之前；不遲於
If something happens by a particular time, it happens at or before that time.
By eight o'clock he had arrived at my hotel...
到8點時，他已經到達我住的賓館了。
We all knew by then that the affair was practically over.
到那時，我們都知道事情實際上已經結束了。
PREP在（白天或夜晚）
If you do something by day, you do it during the day. If you do it by night, you do it during the night.
By day a woman could safely walk the streets, but at night the pavements became dangerous...
白天的時候，婦女可以安全地在街上行走，而到了夜晚人行道上會變得很危險。
She had no wish to hurry alone through the streets of London by night.
她可不想獨自在夜晚匆匆走過倫敦的街道。
PREP（乘或除）以
In arithmetic, you use by before the second number in a multiplication or division sum.
...an apparent annual rate of 22.8 per cent (1.9 multiplied by 12)...
22.8%的名義年率（1.9乘以12）
230cm divided by 22cm is 10.45cm.
230釐米除以22釐米等於10.45釐米。
PREP乘（表示長乘寬得出的居室等的面積）
You use by to talk about measurements of area. For example, if a room is twenty feet by fourteen feet, it measures twenty feet in one direction and fourteen feet in the other direction.
Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2 metres.
3個囚犯關在一個3米長2米寬的小牢房裡。
PREP（表示增減的幅度）
If something increases or decreases by a particular amount, that amount is gained or lost.
Violent crime has increased by 10 percent since last year...
暴力犯罪自去年以來增加了10%。
Their pay has been cut by one-third.
他們薪水降低了1/3。
PREP以…計；按…計
Things that are made or sold by the million or by the dozen are made or sold in those quantities.
Parcels arrived by the dozen from America...
包裹成打地從美國運來。
Liberty fabrics, both for furnishing and for dressmaking, are sold by the metre.
利伯蒂布按米出售，既可用作裝飾又可作衣料。
PREP（表示事物的逐漸變化）
You use by in expressions such as 'minute by minute' and 'drop by drop' to talk about things that happen gradually, not all at once.
His father began to lose his memory bit by bit, becoming increasingly forgetful.
他的父親開始一點點地失去記憶，變得越來越健忘。
PHRASE獨自；單獨
If you are by yourself, you are alone.
...a dark-haired man sitting by himself in a corner.
一個獨自坐在角落裡的黑髮男人
PHRASE獨立（完成某事）
If you do something by yourself, you succeed in doing it without anyone helping you.
I didn't know if I could raise a child by myself.
我不知道自己是否能夠獨自養大一個孩子。
by的英文釋義
Adverb
1. so as to pass a given point;
- every hour a train goes past
2. in reserve; not for immediate use;
- started setting aside money to buy a car
- put something by for her old age
- has a nestegg tucked away for a rainy day
by的短語
by and by
不久；最終
by the by (或 bye)
順便提一句；插上一句
by and large
總的說來；大體上
by oneself
單獨地
獨自地
by way of
by的場景例句
He missed the first prize by a whisker.
他和頭獎擦肩而過.
The monarch was ousted by a military coup.
那君主被軍事政變者廢黜了.
This book is by John, Jones, et al.
這本書的作者是約翰 、 瓊斯等人.
The workers are reluctant to be ordered around by the employers.
工人們不願被僱主們差來遣去地隨便使喚.
He disillusioned his fans by his sloppy play.
他草率的表演使他的崇拜者大失所望.