obligate
vt. 使(在法律或道義上)負有責任或義務; 對…施以恩惠
adj. 有義務的,必要的
If something obligates you to do a particular thing, it creates a situation where you have to do it.
The ruling obligates airlines to release information about their flight delays...
這一裁決規定航空公司有義務公佈航班晚點資訊。
Under a separation agreement, he was obligated to pay his ex-wife £50,000 a year for life.
根據分居協議,他必須每年向前妻支付5萬英鎊。
1. force or compel somebody to do something;
2. commit in order to fulfill an obligation;
3. bind by an obligation; cause to be indebted;
1. restricted to a particular condition of life;
The nature of the nutritional requirements for obligate parasites in nature is unknown.
人們還不知道自然界中專性寄生菌的營養要求的本質.
All the photosynthetic bacteria possess the capability in addition to various facultative aerobes and obligate anaerobes.
所有光合細菌加上各種兼性的好氧生物和絕對的厭氧生物具有這種能力.
Paul Ehrlich sees coevolution pushing two competitors into " obligate cooperation. "
保羅?埃爾利希認為共同進化推動兩個競爭對手進入 “ 強制合作. ”
An obligate anaerobe can survive only in the absence of oxygen.
專性厭氧生物只能在無氧條件下生存.
Anaplasma ovis is an arthropod - borne rickettsial obligate parasite of sheep and goat.
綿羊無漿體病是綿羊和山羊紅細胞內專性寄生的由節肢動物傳播的立克氏體疾病.